feat(deploy): production deployment setup and fixes
- Debian-based api image (bookworm-slim), docker/debian mirrors, prisma binaryTargets for openssl 3.0 - nginx: admin SPA under /admin, TLS via acme.sh (ZeroSSL) + auto-renewal cron, http->https redirect - prisma: add origin_goods.delisted migration, sync missing schema (good_image/tag_font_color/good_tags), fix users.createdAt Timestamptz - api: CORS wildcard reflection, helmet CORP cross-origin, price backfill in persistProductDetail, categoryIcon ancestor fallback, mediaByColor per-color gallery in public goods detail - admin: /admin base path (vite + router) - import-data.mjs: udt_name casting, serial sequence advance fix
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---
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title: Use Connection Pooling for All Applications
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impact: CRITICAL
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impactDescription: Handle 10-100x more concurrent users
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tags: connection-pooling, pgbouncer, performance, scalability
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---
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## Use Connection Pooling for All Applications
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Postgres connections are expensive (1-3MB RAM each). Without pooling, applications exhaust connections under load.
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**Incorrect (new connection per request):**
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```sql
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-- Each request creates a new connection
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-- Application code: db.connect() per request
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-- Result: 500 concurrent users = 500 connections = crashed database
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-- Check current connections
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select count(*) from pg_stat_activity; -- 487 connections!
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```
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**Correct (connection pooling):**
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```sql
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-- Use a pooler like PgBouncer between app and database
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-- Application connects to pooler, pooler reuses a small pool to Postgres
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-- Configure pool_size based on: (CPU cores * 2) + spindle_count
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-- Example for 4 cores: pool_size = 10
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-- Result: 500 concurrent users share 10 actual connections
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select count(*) from pg_stat_activity; -- 10 connections
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```
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Pool modes:
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- **Transaction mode**: connection returned after each transaction (best for most apps)
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- **Session mode**: connection held for entire session (needed for prepared statements, temp tables)
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Reference: [Connection Pooling](https://supabase.com/docs/guides/database/connecting-to-postgres#connection-pooler)
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